3-year PhD Projects in Eating Disorders and Obesity

Supervisors

Professor Iain C Campbell
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
Email: Iain.campbell@kcl.ac.uk
Website: https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/iain.campbell

Dr Owen O'Daly
Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
Email: spdpood@kcl.ac.uk
Website: https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/owen-odaly

Project Details

Background:  The most common treatments for anorexia nervosa (AN) are “talking therapies”.  However, ~30% of patients respond poorly to these, and this can result in enduring illness. Overall, treatment success is approximately 50%. These data reflect the need for improved understanding of the neural underpinnings of illness and its treatment. 

For several years, we have conducted non-invasive brain stimulation (NiBS) treatments in AN: evidence is indicative of their therapeutic benefit.  NiBS-based treatment protocols are safe and well tolerated.  However, their mode of action is unclear and improved understanding of the underpinning science (eg the associated structural and functional neuroanatomy) is needed to help develop future in-man clinical trials. This project is part of a  randomised sham-controlled trial  of theta-burst stimulation in young people with persistent AN (https://edifyresearch.co.uk/research-gallery/11/future-trial-raise). Structural and functional MRI scans and behavioural measures will be conducted in all 60 trial participants before and after treatment. The student will work within a team  conducting the trial.

Novelty and Importance:  This project is novel and important, ie there is a need for development and understanding of new treatments for AN. Relatively little is known about structural and functional brain changes associated with NIBS in AN.

Primary aim(s):  To test the broad hypothesis that neuromodulation procedures promote changes in the brain that will be identifiable using functional and structural MRI and associated behavioural/neuropsychological tasks. This is framed within brain-based models of AN which propose that core neural/behavioural problems in AN relate to impaired cognitive control of emotional processes (e.g. emotionally-charged food choices) and that most treatments seek to alter cognitive functioning/ emotion regulation. 

Planned research methods and training provided:  The student will be part of the Centre for Eating and Weight Disorders and the Centre for Neuroimaging. They will learn about eating disorders, neuromodulation and associated clinical/neurocognitive studies and functional/structural neuroimaging. They will be taught project specific skills (assessment of eating disorders, neuromodulation protocols, conduct/analysis of neuroimaging protocols and clinical/neurocognitive tasks).

Objectives / project plan:  A training needs analysis will be conducted with the student and they will attend transferrable skills training.  

Year 1: The student will familiarise themselves with the project/ write an associated systematic review.

Year 2: The student will participate in data acquisition related to the RCT involving NIBS in AN and begin data analysis.

Year 3: Finalise data analysis, paper and thesis writing.

Two representative publications from supervisors

Publication 1:  Gallop L, Flynn M, Campbell IC, Schmidt U. Neuromodulation and Eating Disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2022 Jan;24(1):61-69. doi: 10.1007/s11920-022-01321-8. Epub 2022 Feb 18. PMID: 35179712; PMCID: PMC8898249.

Publication 2:  Dalton B, Maloney E, Rennalls SJ, Bartholdy S, Kekic M, McClelland J, Campbell IC, Schmidt U, O'Daly OG. A pilot study exploring the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment on cerebral blood flow and its relation to clinical outcomes in severe enduring anorexia nervosa.  J Eat Disord. 2021 Jul 9;9(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s40337-021-00420-w. PMID: 34243816; PMCID: PMC8268186.

Keywords:  Eating disorders; Neuromodulation; Neuroimaging; Anorexia nervosa; Clinical trials.

Maudsley BRC research themes

• Child Mental Health and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Eating Disorders and Obesity
• Neuroimaging
• Experimental Medicine and Novel Therapeutics

Supervisors

Professor Sylvane Desrivieres
Department of Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
Email: sylvane.desrivieres@kcl.ac.uk
Website: https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/sylvane.desrivieres

Professor Ulrike Schmidt
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
Email: Ulrike.schmidt@kcl.ac.uk
Website: www.EDIFYresearch.co.uk

Project Details

Background:  The eating disorders (EDs) [anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED) and related sub-clinical syndromes] are common, hard-to-treat psychiatric disorders which affect up to 15% of young women and up to 4% of young men in high income countries. Critical elements for prevention and treatment and in achieving full recovery are early identification of individuals at risk for ED and targeted intervention as early as possible. Yet, while our knowledge of risk factors for the development of eating disorders has expanded, progress in identifying reliable predictors of disease has been slow. Identifying the most vulnerable individuals and those most likely to resist traditional treatment will be crucial for best support and for the development of innovative, targeted interventions.

Novelty and Importance:  We have identified biomarkers for ED diagnosis and risk prediction using 3 deeply phenotyped cohorts (see below). The most predictive biomarkers included personality and cognitive factors and altered brain structure and function [1,2].

Primary aim(s):  The current project aims to refine these analyses, identifying the best set of early and differential biomarkers of the vulnerability for EDs and comorbid disorders, which would have significant clinical implications for early and targeted prevention and treatment programs. These biomarkers will be used in a proof-of-concept study to test the impact of a novel intervention on ED progression.

Planned research methods and training provided:  We have acquired uniquely comprehensive deep phenotyping data in ~ 2100 participants from 3 cohorts, with and without mental disorders, that have received identical assessments. They include:

• IMAGEN, a population-based longitudinal study of young individuals ascertained over the course of 10 years (from ages 14 to 23 years). With over n=2000 participants followed-up at ages 14, 16, 19 and 23 years, IMAGEN is the largest and most comprehensively characterized longitudinal gene x neuroimaging cohort. Each follow-up included assessments from different dimensions, including neuroimaging, genotyping, DNA methylation, gene expression, and behavioral and cognitive characterization. ED symptoms were measured by 47 items in the Development and Well-being Assessment (DAWBA), the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q-6), the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R 18) and the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I).
• Two clinical cohorts of age-matched (19-23 years) patients with either eating disorders (AN, BN or BED; ESTRA study) or depression or alcohol addiction (STRATIFY study). These individuals were assessed through standardised IMAGEN protocols, with a 2-year follow-up for ESTRA to assess disease recovery.

Project-specific training will be provided by a multidisciplinary set of postdoctoral researchers working on the project, ensuring that the student benefits from an extensive and well-rounded training to develop new skills. Trainings for neuroimaging and genomics data processing, and statistical analyses will be provided within the research team.

Objectives / project plan

Year 1: (i) Familiarise themselves with the neurobiological basis of EDs and with the IMAGEN, ESTRA and STRATIFY databases and (ii) be involved in the quality control of follow-up assessments of ESTRA participants.

Year 2: (i) Assess disease trajectories (maintenance or recovery of ED symptoms) in the newly recruited ESTRA follow-up study, (ii) combine genetic, clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging data to identify biomarkers that best stratify sub-groups of ED patients and predict these disease trajectories, (iii) use knowledge from these analyses to help develop targeted novel interventions for the most at-risk ED groups. Writing-up findings.

Year 3: Finish-up analyses and test the impact of one novel intervention on ‘high-risk’ ED participants in a proof-of-concept study. Write-up findings.

Two representative publications from supervisors

Publication 1:  Zhang Z, …, Desrivières S. Development of disordered eating behaviors and comorbid depressive symptoms in adolescence: neural and psychopathological predictors. Biological Psychiatry. 2021 Dec 15;90(12):853-862. PMID: 32778392.

Publication 2:  Xie C, Xiang S, …., Desrivières S, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW, Schumann G, Jia T, Feng J. IMAGEN Consortium; STRATIFY & ESTRA* Consortium; ZIB Consortium. A shared neural basis underlying psychiatric comorbidity. Nature Medicine. 2023 Apr 24. PMID: 37095248.

Keywords:  Eating disorders; Biomarkers; Neuroimaging; Young people.

Maudsley BRC research themes

• Eating Disorders and Obesity
• Trials, Genomics and Prediction
• Neuroimaging

Supervisors

Dr Hubertus Himmerich
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
Email: hubertus.himmerich@kcl.ac.uk
Website: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/people/hubertus-himmerich-1

Professor Janet Treasure
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
Email: janet.treasure@kcl.ac.uk
Websites: 1. https://www.kcl.ac.uk/people/janet-treasure  2. https://www.thenewmaudsleyapproach.co.uk

Dr Valentina Cardi
University of Padova, Padova, Italy

Project Details

Background:  Preliminary research indicates that virtual reality (VR) could be applied to help people with eating disorders (EDs) to assess, understand and alleviate stress and negative emotions which both play a causal and maintaining role in EDs.

Novelty and Importance: The project will exploit wearables during VR scenarios to measure physiological activity (i.e., heart rate variability, skin conductance) and eating-related behaviors (eye gaze at food, food touches).

Based on psychotherapy and music therapy research, we have developed two VR apps which have been found to have preliminary evidence in anorexia nervosa (AN):

• A VR app for food exposure and positive mood induction (VR Kitchen).
• A VR relaxation app which includes recreative activities and relaxing music (VR Zen Garden; for background considerations watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmzwy86H7AU).

The proposed PhD project will test their diagnostic value and therapeutic abilities in EDs.

Primary aim(s):

• To use VR and wearables to measure behaviors and physiological reactivity during VR scenarios.
• To conduct a feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing five brief sessions of VR Kitchen and VR Zen Garden.

Planned research methods and training provided:

Cross-sectional study

Participants: 120 adults with bulimia nervosa (n=30), binge eating disorder (n=30), avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (n=30) and healthy controls (n=30).

Exposure: 15-min VR scenario using VR Kitchen and VR Zen Garden.

Outcomes: Before and after: Qualitative and quantitative data (visual analogue scales of emotions, e.g., anxiety, disgust); during the scenario: physiological reactivity.

3-armed feasibility RCT

Participants: 90 adults with AN receiving intensive standard treatment (daycare or inpatient; IT).

Interventions: Participants will be randomized to one of 3 arms:

• 5 sessions of VR Kitchen (1/week) in addition to IT (n=30).
• 5 sessions of VR Zen Garden (1/week) plus IT (n=30).
• IT only for 5 weeks (n=30).

Outcomes: Qualitative and quantitative data on emotions and physiological parameters before and after each VR scenario. Before the first exposure/relaxation session and after the last exposure/relaxation session (VR Kitchen/VR Zen Garden) or before and after the 5 weeks IT-only period (control group): Anxiety and physiological reactivity during a standard test meal.

Training aims:  Systematic review or meta-analysis, VR headsets and physiological sensors, qualitative and quantitative data analyses.

Objectives / project plan

Year 1: Systematic review/meta-analysis of meal support strategies in EDs, ethics approval, liaising with people with lived experience and with clinical centers, familiarization with the use of the VR headsets and sensors to record physiological reactivity.

Year 2: Recruitment and publication of systematic review.

Year 3: Recruitment, data entry, analyses, publications, PhD thesis, dissemination events.

Two representative publications from supervisors

Publication 1:  Krishna Priya A, Applewhite B, Au K, Oyeleye O, Walton E, Norton C, Patsalos O, Cardi V, Himmerich H. Attitudes Surrounding Music of Patients With Anorexia Nervosa: A Survey-Based Mixed-Methods Analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:639202.

Publication 2:  Treasure J, Bektas S, Mutwalli H, Dhopatkar N, Himmerich H. Novel approaches to tackling emotional loss of control of eating across the weight spectrum. Proc Nutr Soc. 2022;81:255-263.

Keywords:  Eating disorders; Treatment; Virtual reality; Digital technology; Trial.

Maudsley BRC research themes

• Eating Disorders and Obesity
• Trials, Genomics and Prediction
• Experimental Medicine and Novel Therapeutics
• Digital Therapies

Supervisors

Professor Ulrike Schmidt
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
Email: Ulrike.schmidt@kcl.ac.uk
Website: www.EDIFYresearch.co.uk

Dr Amos Folarin
Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
Email: amos.folarin@kcl.ac.uk
Website: https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/amos-folarin

Project Details

Background:  Eating disorders (EDs) are common and disabling mental disorders. Processes that help or hinder recovery are poorly understood. Remote Measurement Technology (RMT) uses inbuilt sensors in smartphones and/or wearables to: (a) unobtrusively measure human behaviour and physiology (passive RMT) or (b) actively measure daily experiences via smartphone apps (active RMT). RMT provides real time information about patients’ clinical state and can predict remission/recovery or relapse. It hasn’t been used in EDs.

Novelty and Importance:  As stated above, the approach used here, i.e. longitudinal use of biological and psychosocial remote measurement technology in young people with eating disorders is highly novel. It is hoped that findings will ultimately inform personalized treatments for eating disorders.

Primary aim(s):  This project is embedded in a longitudinal study (see  https://edifyresearch.co.uk/), using biological and psychological RMT measures to (1) compare young people with a recent onset 1st episode of an ED (anorexia nervosa; bulimic eating disorders) and those with a longer-lasting ED with healthy controls; (2) assess differences in recovery trajectories within/across ED groups and (3) identify early RMT predictors of recovery at 12 months. [See https://radar-cns.org  (as an exemplar) and https://radar-base.org (for reference to the platform)].

Planned research methods and training provided: The student will learn about EDs, design and conduct of RMT studies, and analysis of features obtained from biosensors, smartphones, cognitive/speech tests and experience sampling methodology. A training needs analysis will be conducted. They will be working across the vibrant eating disorders and bioinformatics groups, where they will be taught project specific skills.  In addition, the student will be expected to attend transferrable skills training as required by their project.

Objectives / project plan

Year 1: The student will familiarise themselves with the project and will write a systematic review e.g. on RMT in psychiatric disorders. They will participate in recruitment and data acquisition in the ongoing cohort study.

Year 2: Recruitment and data acquisition for the longitudinal portion of the study will continue. The student will analyse some of the cross-sectional baseline data of this large cohort (n=840 participants).

Year 3: Data analysis and write up.

Two representative publications from supervisors

Publication 1:  Hemmings A, Sharpe H, Allen K, Bartel H, Campbell IC, Desrivières S, Dobson RJB, Folarin AA, French T, Kelly J, Micali N, Raman S, Treasure J, Abbas R, Heslop B, Street T, Schmidt U. EDIFY (Eating Disorders: Delineating Illness and Recovery Trajectories to Inform Personalised Prevention and Early Intervention in Young People): project outline. BJPsych Bull. 2022 Dec 22:1-9. doi: 10.1192/bjb.2022.83. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36545688.

Publication 2:  Siddi S, Bailon R, Giné-Vázquez I, Matcham F, Lamers F, Kontaxis S, Laporta E, Garcia E, Lombardini F, Annas P, Hotopf M, Penninx BWJH, Ivan A, White KM, Difrancesco S, Locatelli P, Aguiló J, Peñarrubia-Maria MT, Narayan VA, Folarin A, Leightley D, Cummins N, Vairavan S, Ranjan Y, Rintala A, de Girolamo G, Simblett SK, Wykes T; PAB members; Myin-Germeys I, Dobson R, Haro JM; RADAR-CNS consortium. The usability of daytime and night-time heart rate dynamics as digital biomarkers of depression severity. Psychol Med. 2023 Jun;53(8):3249-3260. doi: 10.1017/S0033291723001034. Epub 2023 May 15. PMID: 37184076.

Keywords:  Eating disorders; Recovery; Remote measurement technology; Longitudinal; Cohort study.

Maudsley BRC research themes

• Eating Disorders and Obesity
• Informatics
• Neuroimaging

Supervisors

Professor Kate Tchanturia
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
Email: Kate.Tchanturia@kcl.ac.uk
Websites: 1. www.peacepathway.org  2. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/kate.tchanturia/publications

Professor Valeria Mondelli
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
Email: valeria.mondelli@kcl.ac.uk
Website: https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/valeria.mondelli

Project Details

Background:  Little is known about the factors contributing to obesity in autistic adults, nor what can be done to support healthy weight management in this group, considering their unique support needs. Current interventions do not necessarily contain reasonable adjustments to account for the role of autism in an individual’s weight, including their sensory experiences and executive function and emotion processing differences.

Novelty and Importance:  This project will be an excellent opportunity to examine cognitive, social, and sensory differences between autistic and neurotypical obese individuals. This will lead to the development of an entirely novel cognitive and emotion management training intervention, establishing the feasibility of manualized psychoeducational material for this group, while respecting the heterogenous nature and needs of being on the autism spectrum. Needs assessment and co-production with lived experience individuals will be an important aspect of the project.

Primary aim(s):  To examine differences and similarities in the cognitive and experiential profiles of autistic and neurotypical obese individuals, and to translate these into a tailored brief multi-component intervention for autistic obese individuals.

To conduct qualitative interviews and needs assessment in the neurodiverse overweight group.

The study will recruit 100 obese individuals, 50 autistic and 50 neurotypical.

Principal objective:  To examine differences and similarities in the cognitive and experiential profiles of autistic and neurotypical obese individuals, and to translate these into a tailored brief multi-component intervention for autistic obese individuals.

Secondary objectives:  To evaluate the efficacy of the intervention at secondary end-points (3- and 6- months). Assessing eating behaviors, weight, quality of life, sensory experiences, and cognitive/emotional components. Initial characteristics of these components will be examined as potential modulators of the impact of the proposed treatment.

Inclusion criteria:

• Age >= 18 years old
• BMI > 35

Exclusion criteria:

• Severely impaired physical and/or mental health that may affect the participant’s compliance with the study or understanding of assessment tools
• Difficulty in understanding and/or writing in English
• Individuals participating in another study that includes an ongoing exclusion period

Planned research methods and training provided:  Assessment of psychopathology, assessment of autism, neuropsychological assessments, collection of qualitative and quantitative data and analysis. Running focus- and psychoeducation groups with participants. Writing for publication, presentation skills for national and international conferences; Communicating with main stakeholders: patients, carers, clinicians are all transferable skills which are part of the training for this studentship.

Objectives / project plan

Year 1: Develop skills and competency in required assessment measures, obtain ethics for the study, publish protocol of the study. Conduct and publish a systematic literature review with help from supervisors.

Year 2: Conduct study and start collecting data and run focus groups/individual interviews on treatment needs assessment. Present progress on the study on lab meetings, departmental meetings.

Year 3: Based on the findings develop pilot psychoeducation materials and conduct preliminary evaluation. Publish results, present findings at international conferences, write thesis.

Two representative publications from supervisors

Publication 1:  Autistic adult outcomes on weight and Body Mass Index: a large-scale online study; WED Felicity Rose Sedgewick, Jenni Leppanen, Kate Tchanturia

Publication 2:  Adolescent perspectives on depression as a disease of loneliness: A qualitative study with youth and other stakeholders in urban Nepal; Syed Shabab Wahid, Katherine Ottman, Jyoti Bohara, Vibha Neupane, Helen Fisher, Christian Kieling, Valeria Mondelli, Kamal Gautam, Brandon A Kohrt

Keywords:  Executive functions; Emotion regulation; Obesity; Neurodevelopment; Autism.

Maudsley BRC research themes

• Eating Disorders and Obesity
• Experimental Medicine and Novel Therapeutics

Supervisors

Dr Chloe Wong
Department of Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
Email: Chloe.wong@kcl.ac.uk
Website: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/people/chloe-wong

Professor Gerome Breen
Department of Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
Email: Gerome.breen@kcl.ac.uk
Website: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/people/gerome-breen

Project Details

Background:  Eating disorders (ED) affect ~8% of the global population (Galmiche et al., 2019). ED are often chronic and cause substantial costs. ED are complex with both genetic and environmental causes. Recent efforts have identified eight genome-wide significant loci to date (Watson et al., 2019) and multiple environmental factors (Larsen et al., 2021). Epigenetics, biological mechanisms that underlies the interaction between genes and the environment, might play significant roles in the aetiology and manifestation of ED, but are understudied (Hübel et al., 2019). To address this research gap, we propose to study the epigenetic and rare genetic variants basis of ED using nanopore DNA methylation sequencing data in 4,000 participants from the Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative United Kingdom UK dataset (EDGI UK; edgiuk.org), recently funded by NIHR (a £4 million grant). The project will be supervised by Dr Chloe Wong, an expert in epigenetics and methods, and Prof Breen, and international psychiatric genetics expert and and chief investigator of EDGI UK.

Novelty and Importance:  This will be, by 50 times, the largest epigenetic study (i.e. differential DNA methylation) and rare variant study across multiple types of ED disorder diagnoses (see Figure 1 for an UPSET plot of the description of the lifetime diagnoses from EDGI UK participants).

Primary aim(s):  The overarching aim of this project is to identify differential epigenetic, i.e. DNA methylation, and rare variant signatures associated with different types of Eating Disorders and related phenotypes using next-generation Nanopore sequencing data from 4000 individuals.

Planned research methods and training provided:  DNA long read genome wide sequencing and epigenome-wide DNA methylation data will be generated by the BRC BioResource lab technicians and data processing plus QC will be performed using established pipeline in R. Relevant data analyses training will be provided by the first and second supervisors’ teams.

Objectives / project plan:  The team has extensive links with ED charities and Lived Experience; you will also work with them, coproducing the research wherever possible, as part of ongoing participant and public engagement for EDGI UK research.

Objective 1) Nanopore DNA methylation and rare variant sequencing data of 4000 EDGI will be generated by the BRC BioResource team at the SGPD, IoPPN. The student will be involved in performing fundamental data processing and QC, and pipeline establishment.

Objective 2) Conduct an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) to detect epigenetic signatures of eating disorders and extreme eating behaviours.

Objective 3) Conduct rare genetic variant association study to detect structural variants (CNVs), repeats, and point mutations associated with extreme anorexia nervosa or binge eating disorder.

Two representative publications from supervisors

Publication 1:  Alameda L., Trotta G., Quigley H., Rodriguez V., Gadlrab R., Dwir D., Dempster D., Wong C.C.Y.*, Forti M.D.* (2022) Can epigenetics shine a light on the biological pathways underlying major mental disorders? Psychological Medicine. *Joint senior authorship.

Publication 2:  Preprint: Dina Monssen, Helena L Davies, Shannon Bristow, Saakshi Kakar, Susannah C B Curzons, Molly R Davies, Zain Ahmad, John R Bradley, Steven Bright, Jonathan R I Coleman, Kiran Glen, Matthew Hotopf, Emily J Kelly, Abigail R Ter Kuile, Chelsea Mika Malouf, Gursharan Kalsi, Nathalie Kingston, Monika McAtarsney-Kovacs, Jessica Mundy, Alicia J Peel, Alish B Palmos, Henry C Rogers, Megan Skelton, Brett N Adey, Sang Hyuck Lee, Hope Virgo, Tom Quinn, Tom Price, Johan Zvrskovec, Thalia C Eley, Janet Treasure, Christopher Hübel, Gerome Breen. The Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative (EDGI) United Kingdom medRxiv 2022.11.11.22282083; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.11.11.22282083

Keywords:  Epigenetics; Eating disorders; Nanopore sequencing; Rare variants; Whole genome sequencing.

Maudsley BRC research themes

• Eating Disorders and Obesity
• Trials, Genomics and Prediction